Smelter called the process of manufacturing parts, usually rough machining is needed after finishing, as raw materials are alloys consisting of melting metal and liquid casting material into a cavity, called a mold, where it solidifies. The traditional process is sand casting, because it is a refractory material is abundant in nature and that, mixed with clay, acquires moldability without losing cohesion and permeability that allows gas to evacuate the mold while the molten metal is poured . One of the most popular castings that are made are those for the alloys that form iron and carbon as main elements. Ferrous foundries are alloys of iron and carbon in which the percentage is between 2.11% and 5%, also contains trace amounts of silicon in the 2 to 4% to 1% manganese, and smaller percentages of sulfur and phosphorus. These are people whose casting may be evacuated from the cupola furnace to obtain pieces of very different size and complexity according to their molds. The cast iron pieces can not be subjected to plastic deformation, are not ductile or malleable and weldable little but machinable, relatively hard and wear resistant. According to the appearance of the fracture, ferrous foundries are known as gray, white, atruchadas, although there are malleable castings, special or nodular and alloyed. [1]. Gray casting calls are most often used in the metallurgical industry for the production of parts requiring final machining operations because they are highly mechanized in all types of grinding machine tools except admit well drilling, threading and are weldable. Its main applications include bank machines, block engines, parts of locks, etc.. [2] The gray castings are alloys hipoeutécticas containing between 2.5 and 4% carbon, also have small percentages of phosphorus and silicon. It melts between 1390 and 1420 ° C (temperatures used to be able to go out with pores if you are cold or burned if hot.) It has a specific weight (7 to 7.2) as the composition is very fluid and has the ability to fill well in the mold for expansion on freezing, the surface of the fracture is gray. It is characterized by some of the carbon is separated in the form of graphite to solidify. When cast iron is made by mixing graphite and ferrite is softer, which has lower mechanical strength, the tensile strength and hardness increase with the amount of carbon that exists combined, reaching its maximum value in cast iron pearlitic. [3]. Tensile strength: the gray fundiciíon has a breaking load in tension small, around 15 kg / mm ² and reaches 30, 40 and 45 kg / mm ² depending on composition. Compressive strength this resistance is greater, and normal gray castings is about three times that of the drive, so, its main applications is given in parts subjected to compression, rather than to drive. Bending strength: since the bending element fibers are tensioned on the convex side, and compressed in the hollow, the flexural strength varies with the orientation of the section.Resistance to shock: the shock and dynamic load is resilience, and casting his confrontation behaves in a particular way. The gray castings, resist shock and bad are fragile because they suffer plastic deformations. Hardness: The hardness of cast iron is relatively high, it varies from 140-250 Brinell depending on composition. Despite its high hardness can be machined easily, because the chip is more apparent and the presence of graphite released, which lubricates the passage of the chip on the cutting tool. Other properties: ductile cast iron is not, is not malleable, it can be welded to the brass, in gas welding and the electric arc. The smelter may receive electroplating bath (to be plated, for example), to be hot dip galvanized, tinned and enamelled on the fire (part of household and chemical industry). Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0, additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for more information. ..
The Ministry of Industry decided to open an investigation of the expiry of term, and maintain current anti-dumping duties that affect flat products of iron and steel, cold rolled, from South Africa, Korea, Ukraine and Kazakhstan. The resolution was published today in the Official Gazette. The original measure provided for a 83.07% anti-dumping duty for a period of five years and specifically affected flat products of iron or cold rolled steel, plated or coated, other than stainless steel, with thickness less than those of 0, 3 mm, the HRB hardness greater than 85, the carbon content exceeding 0.25% by weight and wide cold-rolled less than 600 mm of FOB value exceeding $ 600 per tonne from the countries mentioned . Expiration of five years established Siderar submitted a request to initiate research to the extent provided remains in force, which was done through Resolution 242 of the Industry portfolio, published in the Official Gazette today. The Undersecretariat for Trade Policy and Management and the National Commission of Foreign Trade, decentralized agency in the area of the Department of Industry, determined who would be meeting the elements for starting the test. This research will tend to determine the likelihood of recurrence of unfair trade practices in international trade in the form of dumping operations for export to Argentina of the above products. These agencies have established that, at the suspension of the measure, it would be possible to re-enter imports at prices that would impact negatively on the branch of domestic industry, again reiterated risk of damage conditions were identified in the original investigation. Interested parties can collect the questionnaires to participate in the investigation and take action in view of the Ministry of Industry.

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